Commons:Navedba licence
Shortcuts: COM:L • COM:LICENSE
Stran Commons:Navedba licence skuša na podlagi razlage z zgledom pravnim laikom podati pregled zapletenih zakonov o avtorskih pravicah. Njen namen je svetovati pri odločitvi, ali je vključitev neke slike ali druge predstavnostne datoteke v Zbirko dovoljena.
Wikimedijina zbirka sprejema le prosto vsebino, t.j. slike in druge predstavnostne datoteke, ki jih lahko uporabi vsakdo za kakršen koli namen (pogosto pod pogojem, da se prostost vsebine ohrani). Podrobnosti so opisane v nadaljnjem besedilu. Wikimedijina zbirka ne sprejema vsebine poštene uporabe, za razloge glejte spodaj.
Wikimedia Commons only accepts media
- that are explicitly freely licensed, or
- that are in the public domain in at least the United States and in the source country of the work.
Wikimedia Commons does not accept Poštena uporaba justifications: see Commons:Fair use. Media licensed exclusively under non-commercial only licenses (like CC BY-NC-SA) are not accepted either.
Licenca, ki se nanaša na sliko ali predstavnostno datoteko, mora biti na strani z opisom slik jasno označeno z ustrezno licenco. Tu morajo biti navedeni vsi podatki, ki jih izbrano licenca zahteva. Podatki na strani z opisom naj bi zadoščali, da lahko drugi preverijo stanje licence. Najbolje jih je navesti neposredno v polju za povzetek naložitvenega obrazca.
If you are a copyright holder and would like to confirm permission, please use the email template to send it via VRT.
Sprejemljive licence
Vsa snov Zbirke mora biti označena s prosto licenco, ki omogoča, da jo lahko vsakdo uporabi za kakršen koli namen (glejte tudi Commons:Merila za vključitev). Licenca mora izpolnjevati zlasti naslednje pogoje:
All copyrighted material on Commons (not in the public domain) must be licensed under a free license that specifically and irrevocably allows anyone to use the material for any purpose; simply writing that "the material may be used freely by anyone" or similar isn't sufficient. In particular, the license must meet the following conditions:
- dovoljena morata biti ponatis in razdeljevanje snovi
- dovoljena mora biti objava izpeljanih del
- dovoljena mora biti komercialna uporaba dela
- lahko se zahteva navedba vseh avtorjev/sodelavcev
- lahko se zahteva objavo izpeljanega dela pod enakimi pogoji
- lahko se zahteva uporaba prostih datotečnih formatov digitalnih pridržkov (DRM).
Sometimes, authors wish to release a lower quality or lower resolution version of an image or video under a free license, while applying stricter terms to higher quality versions. It is unclear whether such a distinction is legally enforceable, but Commons's policy is to respect the copyright holder's intentions by hosting only the lower quality version.
Za sliko ali drugo predstavnostno datoteko ne smejo veljati naslednji pridržki:
- Uporaba le znotraj Wikimedie.
- Uporaba le v nepridobitne, osebne ali urejevalne namene.
- Uporaba samo pod pridržki poštene uporabe.
- Z obveznim obvestilom avtorja, namesto po izbiri, za vsakršno uporabo ali določeno vrsto uporabe.
Natančneje, na splošno ni dovoljeno naslednje:
- zaslonski posnetki programja, ki samo ni pod prosto licenco. Zaslonski posnetki programja pod GPL ali podobnim prosto licenco za programsko opremo se na splošno smatrajo za primerne.
- Skeni reproduktivnih fotografij z avtorskimi pravicami zaščitenih del, še zlasti platnic knjig ipd.
- simboli, logotipi idr. trgovskih znamk
Zbirka seveda sprejema tudi vsa dela, ki niso zaščitena z avtorskimi pravicami (t.j. javno last). Prosimo preberite odstavek o javni domeni spodaj.
For an explanation of the justification for this licensing policy, see Commons:Licensing/Justifications.
Navedba več licenc
Dokler vsaj ena od njih zadošča zgornjim merilom, lahko datoteko označite s kolikor želite licenc.
Multi-Licensing with restrictive licenses may be desirable for compatibility with the licensing scheme of other projects; also, multi-licensing allows people who create derivative work to release that work under a restrictive license only, if they wish—that is, it gives creators of derivative works more freedom with regards to which license they may use for their work. See Commons:Multi-licensing.
Dobro znane licence
Za gradivo v Zbirki se priporočajo naslednja dobro znane licence:
- Creative Commons Priznanje avtorstava/deljenje pod enakimi pogoji
- GNU General Public License (GPL) / GNU Lesser General Public License (LGPL)
- Free Art License/Licence Art Libre (FAL/LAL)
- Open Data Commons za prosto licencirane podatkovne zbirke, če je prosta ali na voljo pod prosto licenco tudi njihova vsebina in jih ni mogoče ločiti od podatkovne zbirke [1].
| Creative Commons license icons and names | Abbreviations & versions | OK here? | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
 |
CC Public Domain Mark 1.0 |  Generally OK
|
Often found on Flickr images, and considered to be freely licensed in most circumstances. - see Public Domain section below |
 |
CC0 |  OK
|
|
 |
CC BY (1.0 2.0 2.5 3.0 4.0) | OK
|
|
 |
CC BY-SA (1.0 2.0 2.5 3.0 4.0) | OK
|
|
 |
CC BY-NC (1.0 2.0 2.5 3.0 4.0) |  Not OK
|
|
 |
CC BY-NC-ND (1.0 2.0 2.5 3.0 4.0) | Not OK
|
|
 |
CC BY-NC-SA (1.0 2.0 2.5 3.0 4.0) | Not OK
|
|
 |
CC BY-ND (1.0 2.0 2.5 3.0 4.0) | Not OK
|
|
| Notes on the symbols | |||
| |||
Again, works in the public domain are also accepted (see below).
See Commons:Copyright tags for more licenses.
Forbidden licenses
Works which are not available under a license which meets the Definition of Free Cultural Works are explicitly not allowed. See the Wikimedia Foundation board resolution on licensing for more information.
Sledeče licence se pogosto uporabljajo, a so izrecno prepovedane (razen seveda, če je datoteka tudi pod prosto licenco):
- Licence Creative Commons le za nekomercialno rabo (-NC)
- Licence Creative Commons Brez-izpeljanj (-ND)
- Snov, uporabna pod pridržki poštene uporabe ali podobnega zakona (o razlogih berite spodaj).
Creative Commons Non-Commercial Only (-NC) licenses
Creative Commons No-Derivatives (-ND) licenses- Unlicensed material usable only under fair use, fair dealing, or other similar legal exceptions (see below for the reasons)
- GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL), under certain conditions (see below)
Non-permitted licenses may only be used on Commons if the work is multi-licensed under at least one permitted license.
If an image is not OK, consider asking the author to release their work under a free license such as CC BY (Creative Commons Attribution license), or CC BY-SA (Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike).
GNU Free Documentation License
Opomba: GFDL je za slike in kratka besedila, še posebej za tiskane medije, precej nepraktičen, saj zahteva, da se ob sliki ali besedilu natisne celotno besedilo GFDL. Zato priporočamo navedbo še druge licence, kot je npr. licenca Creative Commons, s katerim bo sliko ali besedilo lažje uporabiti.
GFDL is not permitted as the only acceptable license where all of the following are true:
- The content was licensed on or after 15 October 2018. The licensing date is considered, not the creation or upload date.
- The content is primarily a photograph, painting, drawing, audio or video.
- The content is not a software logo, diagram or screenshot that is extracted from a GFDL software manual.
Podatki o licenci
Na vseh straneh Zbirke z opisom mora biti jasno označeno, pod katero licenco je bila snov objavljena, ter morajo biti navedeni vsi podatki, ki jih ta zahteva (avtor idr.) ter tudi zadostni podatki, da lahko drugi preverijo njeno resničnost (povezava na vir).
Natančneje, na strani z opisom morajo biti vedno, ne glede na zahteve licence, navedeni naslednji podatki:
- Licenca, ki se nanaša na snov. To se lahko doda z uporabo oznake licence.
- Vir snovi, po možnosti spletna povezava ali podatki o delu. V primeru, da je bila snov najprej objavljena v Zbiriki in jo je njen avtor tudi vključil, to seveda ne pride v poštev. V tem primeru je to treba izrecno označiti.
- Avtor/stvaritelj slike ali predstavnostnega gradiva. Za predstavnosti, za katere se šteje, da so v javni domeni, ker so avtorske pravice pretekle, je lahko ključen datum smrti avtorja (glejte razdelek o gradivu v javni domeni spodaj). Generična licenčna predloga, ki kaže, da je imetnik avtorskih pravic naložnik (npr. {{PD-self}}), ni nadomestilo za to zahtevo. Edina izjema pri tem je, če želi avtor ostati anonimen, ali v nekaterih primerih, ko avtor ni znan, vendar je na voljo dovolj informacij, ki potrjujejo, da je delo res v javni domeni (npr. datum ustvaritve/objave).
Manjšega pomena, a naj bo navedeno, če je le mogoče:
- Opis vsebine slike ali predstavnostne datoteke. Opis slike, kje, kaj, kdo? To je pomembno, da lahko vsakdo ve, kaj se pravzaprav vidi ali sliši. Še zlasti so ti podatki pomembni za znanstvene podatke, npr. slike v nepravih barvah.
- Datum in kraj izdelave. Za predstavnostne vsebine, ki so jim avtorske pravice potekle in so v javni domeni, je lahko bistven datum izdelave (glejte odstavek o javni domeni spodaj).
Te točke opisa se najlažje navede z uporabo podatkovne predloge. Za njeno uporabo glejte Commons:Merila za vključitev. Glejte tudi Commons:Nepopolna licenca.
Obseg navedbe licenc
V nekaterih primerih ima dokument (predstavnostna datoteka) lahko več sestavnih delov. Če je tako, je treba navesti licenco za vsakega posebej: vsakdo, ki je k delu prispeval ključen del, ima pravico do končnega izdelka in svoj prispevek morajo s prosto licenco označiti vsi sodelavci. Razlike pa niso zelo jasne in se lahko od države do države razlikujejo. Tu je nekaj zgledov:
- pri posnetku pesmi je potrebno upoštevati naslednje sestavine, od katerih morajo biti pod prosto licenco (ali v javni domeni) vse:
- melodija (pravice skladatelja)
- besedilo (pravice pisca)
- izvedba (pravice glasbenikov, pevcev itd.)
- posnetek (pravice tehničnega osebja / snemalnega studija)
- podobno je pri fotografiji umetniškega dela (skupaj s knjižnimi platnicami in podobnim):
- tvorec izvornega umetniškega dela ima pravice do končnega izdelka
- fotograf ima pravice do fotografije.
- Glede slik notranjosti stavb velja, da ima, če so prikazane razločne arhitekturne značilnosti, lahko nekatere pravice tudi arhitekt (tako je vsaj v Nemčiji).
- Glede slike zunanjosti stavbe velja, da ima lahko nekatere pravice tudi arhitekt; v nekaterih državah se to nanaša le na sliko iz ne-javnega prostora (Nemčija, Avstrija), v drugih pa na vse primere (Francija).
This is often problematic, if the artwork is not the primary content of the image or is not clearly recognizable: in that case, usually only the creator of the resulting picture (recording, etc.) holds a copyright. For instance, when taking a photograph of a group of people in a museum, the photo may also show some paintings on the walls. In that case the copyright of those paintings does not have to be taken into account. The distinction however is not very clear. The Commons:De minimis policy has more information about this concept.
Vedite, da je potrebno določiti in izrecno omeniti licenco za vse sestavine. Če umetniško delo ni bistvena vsebina slike ali ni jasno razpoznavno, je to lahko težavno: v tem primeru ima običajno avtorske pravice le tvorec nastale slike (posnetka itd.). Če bi na primer šlo za fotografijo skupine ljudi v muzeju, bi ta lahko prikazovala tudi poslikavo stene. V tem primeru avtorskih pravic do te poslikave ni treba upoštevati. Vendar pa merila tu niso zelo natančna.
Gradivo v javni domeni
Material released under a license like CC0 is considered the equivalent of public domain material; works that lack originality and edicts are in the public domain; a few governments around the world, including the US Federal, California, and Florida governments place most of their works, including most of their public records in the public domain; the English Wikipedia's guideline on public domain material more precisely defines these many exceptions.
Zbirka sprejema gradivo, ki je v javni domeni, tj. dokumente, ki so dovoljeni z zgornjo izjemo ali ki ne morejo biti varovani z avtorskimi pravicami ali so te zanje pretekle. V splošnem je »javna domena« zapleten koncept; avtorsko pravo se med državami razlikuje, zato je delo lahko v javni domeni veni državi, še vedno pa avtorsko varovano v drugi državi. Obstajajo mednarodne pogodbe, kot je Bernska konvencija, ki določajo neke minimalne standarde, vendar lahko posamezne države določilo strožje kriterije. Splošno pravilo je, da je delo avtorja, ki je umrl pred več kot 70 leti, v javni domeni v državi, katere državljan je bil avtor, in v državi, v kateri je bilo delo prvič objavljeno. Če je delo anonimna ali kolektivno (npr. enciklopedija), v javno domeno običajno vstopi 70 let po datumu prve objave. Če ostane avtor neznan kljub obsežnemu iskanju, se za delo šteje, da je v javni domeni, 120 let po ustvaritvi (za podrobnosti glejte {{PD-old-assumed}}).
Many countries use such a copyright term of 70 years. A notable exception is the U.S. Due to historical circumstances, the United States has more complex rules:
- Works published before 1929 are in the public domain.
- For works first published before 1964, copyright lasts 28 years after publication, and is therefore currently expired unless the owner filed for renewal during the window between 27 and 28 years after publication.
If renewed during that window, copyright lasts until 95 years after first publication.
The large majority of works published before 1964 have passed into the public domain, but it is imperative to determine that copyright was not renewed. (The US Copyright Office online catalog can be used to search for renewals in 1978 or later—useful for works published in 1951 through 1963; Google has scans of the paper catalog including works registered from 1923 up to 1978).
- For works first published before 1978: until 95 years after the first publication.
- For works first published 1978 or later: until 70 years after the author's death. Anonymous works or work made for hire: until the shorter of 95 years since the first publication or 120 years since the creation of the work.
For works created before 1978 but only published 1978 or later, there are some special rules. These terms apply in the U.S. also for foreign works.
However, the year and location of publication is essential. In several countries, material published before a certain year is in the public domain. In the U.S. this date is January 1, 1929. In some countries, all government-published material is public domain, while in others governments claim some copyright (see Commons:Pravidlá autorských práv podľa územia).
In the US, the copyright situation for sound recordings (including those published before 1929) is a special case. Under Title II of the Music Modernization Act, recordings that were first fixed prior to February 15, 1972 are copyrighted for a period of time under US federal copyright that depends on when the recording was first published. This federal copyright applies regardless of any formalities (copyright notice, registration, and/or renewal.) The specific copyright term lengths are as follows:
- Recordings that were first published prior to 1923 entered the public domain on January 1, 2022.
- Recordings that were first published between 1923 and 1946 are copyrighted for a period of 100 years after first publication.
- Recordings that were first published between 1947 and 1956 are copyrighted for a period of 110 years after first publication.
- Recordings that were published after 1956 and first fixed prior to February 15, 1972 will enter the public domain on February 15, 2067.
Sound recordings that were first fixed on or after February 15, 1972 are subject to the same US copyright law term lengths and provisions as other works.
V nekaterih jurisdikcijah (npr. Združenih državah) se lahko ustvarjeno delo tudi izrecno da v javno domeno. Drugje (npr. v Evropski uniji) to tehnično ni mogoče; namesto tega je mogoče podeliti pravico do proste uporabe slike na primer z licenco Creative Commons Zero Waiver, s katero se odrečete vsem pravicam, ki izhajajo iz avtorskega prava, vendar ta odpoved ni nujno pravno zavezujoča v enaki meri kot to, kar se običajno šteje za »javno domeno« (npr. kar zadeva avtorjeve moralne pravice).
The Hirtle chart is a tool for helping to determine if something is in the public domain in the United States. Commons:International copyright quick reference guide helps to determine if a work first published outside the United States can be uploaded.
Interaction of US and non-US copyright law
Commons is an international project, but its servers are located in the U.S., and its content should be maximally reusable. Uploads of non-U.S. works are normally allowed only if the work is either in the public domain or covered by a valid free license in both the U.S. and the country of origin of the work. The "country of origin" of a work is generally the country where the work was first published.
When uploading material from a country outside the U.S., the copyright laws of that country and the U.S. normally apply. If material that has been saved from a third-party website is uploaded to Commons, the copyright laws of the U.S., the country of residence of the uploader, and the country of location of the web servers of the website apply. Thus, any licence to use the material should apply in all relevant jurisdictions; if the material is in the public domain, it must normally be in the public domain in all these jurisdictions (plus in the country of origin of the work) for it to be allowable on Commons.
For example, if a person in the UK uploads a picture that has been saved off a French website to the Commons server, the uploader must be covered by UK, French and US copyright law. For that person to upload that photograph to Commons, the photograph must be public domain in France, the UK and the US, or there must be an acceptable copyright license for the photograph that covers the UK, US and France.
Exception: Faithful reproductions of two-dimensional works of art, such as paintings, which are in the public domain are an exception to this rule. In July 2008, following a statement clarifying WMF policy, Commons voted to the effect that all such photographs are accepted as public domain regardless of country of origin, and tagged with a warning. For details, see Commons:When to use the PD-Art tag.
Uruguay Round Agreements Act
- Main page: Commons:URAA-restored copyrights
The Uruguay Round Agreements Act or URAA is a US law that restored copyrights in the U.S. on foreign works if that work was still copyrighted in the foreign source country on the URAA date. This URAA date was January 1, 1996 for most countries. This means that foreign works became copyrighted in the U.S. even if they had been in the public domain in the U.S. before the URAA date. See also Wikipedia:Non-U.S. copyrights.
Because the constitutionality of this law was challenged in court, Commons initially permitted users to upload images that would have been public domain in the U.S. without the URAA. However, the constitutionality of the URAA was upheld by the U.S. Supreme Court in Golan v. Holder. After discussion, it was determined that the affected files would not be deleted en masse but reviewed individually. There was further discussion about the best method for review of affected files, resulting in the creation of Commons:WikiProject Public Domain (not active anymore).
Files affected by the URAA should be tagged with {{Not-PD-US-URAA}}.
Files nominated for deletion due to the URAA should be evaluated carefully, as should be their copyright status under US and local laws. A mere allegation that the URAA applies to a file cannot be the sole reason for deletion. If the end result of copyright evaluation is that there is significant doubt about the freedom of a file under US or local law, the file must be deleted in line with the precautionary principle.
Old orphan works
Old orphan works are accepted, provided that
- the works were created before 1929;
- or, the works were created before the pma duration (required years after the author's death) in the country of origin, which would satisfy {{PD-1996}} if published at the time of creation (e.g. works created before 1946 for 50 years pma countries, if the URAA date is 1996).
PD 1.0 and Flickr
See also: Commons:Flickr files. 
The Creative Commons Public Domain 1.0 mark (PDM) is often applied to images on photography websites such as Flickr.com, and is not a license. Despite this, the community found that when a user applies PDM to their own work, they are releasing their work to be in the public domain, and these works are believed to be freely licensed. For further information, see Accept files published by the copyright holder with a Public Domain Mark.
Snov pod pridržki poštene uporabe v Zbirki ni dovoljena
Ker se zakoni o pošteni uporabi med državami razlikujejo, Wikimedijina zbirka vsebine w:sl:poštena uporaba|poštene uporabe ne sprejema - tako vsebina, ki je sprejemljiva npr. glede na (zelo široko) pojmovanje poštene uporabe v Združenih državah, v večini drugih držav na ta način ni uporabna.
Poštena uporaba je odvisna tudi od sotvarja slike (ali drugih predstavnostnih vsebin). To pomeni, da bi bilo nekaj na eni strani lahko poštena uporaba, na drugi pa kršenje avtorskih pravic. Poštena uporaba zlasti ne dopušča zbiranja in razdeljevanja slik v podatkovni bazi predstavnostnih vsebin, kot je Zbirka. To pomeni, da za Zbirko poštena uporaba preprosto ne pride v poštev.
Obe težavi nasprotujeta načelom Zbirke glede zagotvaljanja slik, ki jih lahko uporabi vsakdo kjerkoli za kakršen koli namen.
Seveda pa lahko, če dopušča pošteno uporabo, take slike nključite v lokalen wiki.
Derivative works
Imagine you want to upload a picture of Bart Simpson, but of course you can't just scan it in. Why not take a picture of a little action figure and then upload it? Don't. The reason why you can't upload photographs of such figures is that they are considered as derivative works. Such works can't be published without permission of the original creator.
The US Copyright Act of 1976, Section 101, says: "A derivative work is a work based upon one or more preexisting works, such as a translation, musical arrangement, dramatization, fictionalization, motion picture version, sound recording, art reproduction, abridgment, condensation, or any other form in which a work may be recast, transformed, or adapted. A work consisting of editorial revisions, annotations, elaborations, or other modifications which, as a whole, represent an original work of authorship, is a “derivative work”." A photograph of a copyrighted item is considered a derivative work in US jurisdiction. US Copyright Act of 1976, Section 106: "(...) The owner of copyright under this title has the exclusive rights to do and to authorize any of the following: (...) (2) to prepare derivative works based upon the copyrighted work;"
Therefore, "unauthorized" derivative works, like photographs of copyrighted action figures, toys, etc., must be deleted. For more information, see Commons:Derivative works.
Exception: So-called useful articles - objects with an intrinsic utilitarian function, even if commercial designs, are not subject to copyright protection in the US. Consequently, images thereof are not derivative works under US law. For details and applicability of this exception, see the Supreme Court’s decision in Mazer v. Stein, and {{Useful-object-US}}.
Simple design
.svg){kind=logo}
Regarding trademarks (see also Commons:Copyright rules by subject matter: Trademarks): Most commercial items and products are protected by intellectual property laws in one way or another, but copyright is only one such protection. It is important to make the distinction between copyright, trademarks, and patents. Wikimedia Commons generally only enforces copyright restrictions, for these reasons:
- Almost anything can be trademarked, and it wouldn't make sense to forbid everything.
- Trademarks and industrial designs restrictions are pertinent to industrial reproduction, but photographs of such items can otherwise be freely reproduced.
→ For these reasons Commons accepts any trademark whose copyright has expired. Moreover, Commons accepts images of text in a general typeface and of simple geometric shapes, even if it happens to be a recent trademarked logo, on the grounds that such an image is not sufficiently creative to attract copyright protection.
Such images should be tagged with {{PD-ineligible}} or one of the list of more specific tags for this kind of works (e.g. {{PD-textlogo}} for simple logos).
Raster renderings (i.e. PNG images) of uncopyrighted simple designs can themselves be regarded as being uncopyrighted. For vector images (i.e. SVG files) of uncopyrighted simple designs, the question as to whether the vector representation has its own copyright is less clear; see the English Wikipedia copyright information about fonts and the {{PD-textlogo}} talk page for more information.
It is often very difficult to determine whether a design is protected by copyright or not, and images of these sorts are frequently nominated for deletion, with various results. See Commons:Threshold of originality and/or “Threshold of originality” (in Wikipedia) for some guidance.
Fonts
The raster rendering of a font (or typeface) is not subject to copyright in the U.S., and therefore is in the public domain. It may be copyrighted in other countries (see intellectual property of typefaces on Wikipedia). You should use {{PD-font}} in this case.
Copyright rules
Some guidance on applicable copyright rules can be found at
- Commons:Pravidlá autorských práv podľa územia
- Commons:Copyright rules by subject matter (formerly "Commons:Image casebook")
See also
See also
Notes
- ↑ In cases where a work is simultaneously published in multiple countries, the "country of origin" is the country which grants the shortest term of copyright protection, per the Berne Convention.
- ↑ See Ets-Hokin v. Skyy Spirits Inc where it was decided that the SKYY vodka bottle and logo were not copyrightable.
External links
Collections of laws:
- UNESCO collection of copyright laws.
- WIPO Lex.
- CERLALC: Copyright laws of Latin America, the Caribbean states, and Spain and Portugal.
- CIPR: Copyright laws of the CIS nations and the three Baltic states.
- ECAP: Copyright laws of ASEAN countries.
- EuroMed Audiovisual II EU programme; has recent copyright laws of some mediterranean states (from Morocco to Turkey).
Copyright treaties:
Other:
- Circular 38a: International Copyright Relations of the United States, from the U.S. Copyright Office. (A bit dated, some countries are missing.)
- Circular 38b: Highlights of Copyright Amendments Contained in the URAA, from the U.S. Copyright Office.
- 17 USC 104A: Copyright restorations in the U.S. due to the URAA
- Copyright in the USA